HORDB

General Information

ID: hor006426
Uniprot ID: P51460
Protein name: Insulin-like 3 A chain
Gene name: INSL3
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Family: Insulin family
Source: Human
Expression: Expressed in prenatal and postnatal Leydig cells. Found as well in the corpus luteum, trophoblast, fetal membranes and breast.
Disease: Diseases associated with INSL3 include Cryptorchidism, Unilateral Or Bilateral and Testicular Cancer.
Comments: NA
Taxonomy: Homo (genus), Homininae (subfamily), Hominidae (family), Hominoidea (superfamily), Catarrhini (parvorder), Simiiformes (infraorder), Haplorrhini (suborder), Primates (order), Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria , Eutheria , Theria , Mammalia (class), Amniota , Tetrapoda , Dipnotetrapodomorpha , Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi , Teleostomi , Gnathostomata , Vertebrata , Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia , Bilateria , Eumetazoa , Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta , Eukaryota (superkingdom),cellular organisms
GO MF: GO:0001664 G protein-coupled receptor binding; GO:0002020 protease binding; GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding; GO:0005158 insulin receptor binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding
GO BP: GO:0001556 oocyte maturation; GO:0007193 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling; GO:0007283 spermatogenesis; GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0008584 male gonad development; GO:0010634 positive regulation of epithelial cell migration; GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process; GO:0043950 positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling; GO:0090303 positive regulation of wound healing
GO CC: GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm

Sequence Information

Sequence: AAATNPARYCCLSGCTQQDLLTLCPY
Length: 26
Propeptide: MDPRLPAWALVLLGPALVFALGPAPTPEMREKLCGHHFVRALVRVCGGPRWSTEARRPATGGDRELLQWLERRHLLHGLVADSNLTLGPGLQPLPQTSHHHRHHRAAATNPARYCCLSGCTQQDLLTLCPY
Signal peptide: MDPRLPAWALVLLGPALVFA
Modification: NA
Glycosylation: NA
Mutagenesis: NA

Activity

Function: Seems to play a role in testicular function. May be a trophic hormone with a role in testicular descent in fetal life. Is a ligand for LGR8 receptor.
Mechanism: NA
Cross BBB: NA
Target: RXFP2, RXFP1
Target Unid: Q8WXD0, Q9HBX9
IC50: NA
EC50: NA
ED50: NA
kd: NA
Half life: NA

Structure

Disulfide bond: 10-15
Structure ID: AF-P51460-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)/2H8B(PDB_ID)

Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)

2h8b.pdb

hor006426_AF2.pdb

hor006426_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass:	322333	Formula:	C117H186N32O38S4
Absent amino acids:	EFHIKMVW	Common amino acids:	ACL
pI:	5.95	Basic residues:	1
Polar residues:	12	Hydrophobic residues:	8
Hydrophobicity:	18.46	Boman Index:	-1977
Half-Life:	4.4 hour	Half-Life Yeast:	>20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli:	>10 hour	Aliphatic Index	75.38
Instability Index:	4650.38	Extinction Coefficient cystines:	3230
Absorbance 280nm:	129.2

Literature

PubMed ID: 8034302
Title: A human cDNA coding for the Leydig insulin-like peptide (Ley I-L).
PubMed ID: 8020942
Title: Structural organization of the porcine and human genes coding for a Leydig cell-specific insulin-like peptide (LEY I-L) and chromosomal localization of the human gene (INSL3).
PubMed ID: 7852540
Title: The human Leydig insulin-like (hLEY I-L) gene is expressed in the corpus luteum and trophoblast.
PubMed ID: 14702039
Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.
PubMed ID: 15057824
Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.
PubMed ID: 15489334
Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).
PubMed ID: 15340161
Title: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.
PubMed ID: 12114498
Title: INSL3/Leydig insulin-like peptide activates the LGR8 receptor important in testis descent.
PubMed ID: 16867980
Title: Solution structure and characterization of the LGR8 receptor binding surface of insulin-like peptide 3.
PubMed ID: 19086273
Title: Solution structure of a conformationally restricted fully active derivative of the human relaxin-like factor.
PubMed ID: 10729310
Title: Absence of mutations involving the INSL3 gene in human idiopathic cryptorchidism.
PubMed ID: 11095425
Title: Insulin-like 3/relaxin-like factor gene mutations are associated with cryptorchidism.
PubMed ID: 10759163
Title: A common polymorphism in the human relaxin-like factor (RLF) gene: no relationship with cryptorchidism.
PubMed ID: 11746019
Title: Novel insulin-like 3 (INSL3) gene mutation associated with human cryptorchidism.
PubMed ID: 11182749
Title: Genetic analysis of the INSL3 gene in patients with maldescent of the testis.
PubMed ID: 11383919
Title: Different insulin-like 3 (INSL3) gene mutations not associated with human cryptorchidism.
PubMed ID: 11380919
Title: Ala/Thr60 variant of the Leydig insulin-like hormone is not associated with cryptorchidism in the Japanese population.
PubMed ID: 12601553
Title: A novel mutation of the insulin-like 3 gene in patients with cryptorchidism.